When we think about the components we need to run a great RPG adventure, a bunch of things come to mind. Interesting NPCs, fantastic adventure locations, thought-provoking adventure seeds, fun combat encounters, mysteries, and puzzles; these are the building blocks of a fun and interesting adventure. Some GMs will throw story and plot into that mix, although we acolites of the lazy dungeon master know that we may omit story and plot to let them grow from the actions of the PCs.
There's one other set of components that can keep our games interesting and give information over to the players to help them build out the story as they choose courses of actions. We'll call these components secrets.
Update: Two Years of Secrets
This article has been updated since the original written in April 2014. Since then, I've used secrets nearly every time I prepare a game. Along with a starting scene and three to five scene ideas jotted down in a pocket notebook or on a 3x5 card, a list of ten secrets is the very next thing I write down and it works marvelously.
When I look back over the writings in the Lazy Dungeon Master, "Write Down Ten Secrets" is the one chapter I wish I had in the book.
What is a Secret?
For the sake of this article, a secret is a piece of information previously unknown to the PCs that, when revealed, gives them a tweet-sized bit of useful and interesting information.
This secret may be part of an assassin's plot. It might be a rumor about the mad king's terrible rituals. It might be the secret love interest between the prince of smugglers and the advisor of a duchess of Baldur's Gate. Maybe it's a scrap from the half-burned journal entry describing a villainous quest. Maybe it's a piece of the strange history about the dungeon in which the PCs explore.
Secrets aren't an entire story. They're not complete pictures. They're a single point of data in a large pool of undiscovered information. Through the history of a magical sword, the PCs might learn the origin of the bounty hunter who hunted them. It's not the whole bounty hunter's story, but it's a clue into the larger picture.
Secrets Without Context
When we're writing our secrets down, we don't need to give them context. We don't know how the PCs will learn about the mad king's terrible rituals, only that they might unconver it somewhere. When we jot these secrets down in a list of ten, we just put down the secret. It might only be two or three words.
We don't know nor do we care how the PCs will find it out. Maybe it will be an ancient carving on a wall. Maybe it's something whispered in an alley. Maybe its information retrieved from the charming of a thug. Maybe it's a piece of history that comes to a character's mind when they hold a strange small idol in their hands. That last one is important. Passing a secret as part of a skill check is a great way to give a player a reward for their fine roll. If they miss the check the secret may come up some other way.
Some Example Secrets
Here are a bunch of example secrets from a recent Out of the Abyss game.
- The Delzoun dwarves built a hidden outpost near Dark Lake.
- The outpost had a portal to Gauntlgrym.
- The outpost is about 2,000 years old.
- The dwarves had an alliance with Modrons.
- The Modrons kept the magical gate working. Only they can open the gate.
- The Delzoun dwarves fought a war against mind flayers.
- The Delzoun lost the war and retreated out their own gate.
- The dwarves had to fight hundreds of dwarven thralls.
- To this day the mind flayers want to control the gate to Gauntlgrym.
- In a dark decision, the Delzoun destroyed the Modrons so no one could open the gate again.
It's quite possible the PCs never learn all of these secrets. Maybe they can piece some of them together on their own. All the better. It's still nice to have ten secrets on hand.
Developing Secrets
We develop these secrets by asking ourselves a nice simple question:
"What secrets could the PCs uncover next session?"
As we sit down to prepare our game, asking this question drives us to write down our ten tweet-sized secrets. These secrets may never come into play or they might turn the entire course of your game when revealed. Until they come into play, they are fluid entities. They don't become real until the PCs discover them. They might change. They might disappear. We might use four secrets in one session, scrap the other six, and write a new list of ten before our next session.
When preparing our game the lazy way, we can jot down our ten secrets on a 3x5 card. One side of the card might have our starting scene, our three to five fantastic locations or scene ideas, and, on the back, our list of ten secrets that might be revealed next game.
As our game moves forward, we can continually look back over previous secrets and add in new ones to keep our list of ten secrets fresh.
Campaign Secrets
Instead of writing a 300 page document for our huge epic adventure, we can instead do some campaign building by writing down a big bunch of campaign-level secrets. Here are some example campaign secrets for a 13th Age campaign set in shattered lands of Moonwreck.
- The Three have sent mercenaries led by trusted draconic agents into Moonwreck.
- The agents of the Three seek the remains of the White.
- The agents of the Three may be trying to resurrect the White.
- The agents of the Three may be trying to ensure the White never returns.
- The Lich King has a citadel floating over Moonwreck known as Bonespire.
- The Lich King has sent a trio of liches to uncover the mystery of the Dark.
- Local witches and soothsayers say the Dark is a malevolent form of anti-life.
- The Dark may be older than the Ages.
- The Lich King may have used the Dark to battle the White before becoming the Lich King.
- Something happened in the last year to uncover many mysteries buried in the Moonwreck.
- The former Drow city of Darkspire was shattered by the Moonwreck 300 years ago.
- The Drow of Darkspire no longer hear the Elf Queen.
- A Living Temple of the Dark has surfaced in the City of Lost Temples.
- Eziel the Frost Witch likes to devour intelligent creatures to gain their knowledge.
- A mysterious elf was raised by nomads in the village of Blackleaf over 300 years.
- The mysterious elf traveled alone to the Cold Iron Citadel, throne of the Frost Giants.
- The mysterious elf faced and slew King Mountainhammer, lord of the Frost Giants.
- Many tribes humanoid and monstrous tribes of Moonwreck now flock to the banner of the mysterious elf.
- The mysterious elf is called Veseren Moonborn.
- Veseren's eyes swirl with shadow.
These campaign secrets may split and form into all new secrets as our adventurers navigate through the campaign. Some may fall off, never to be seen again. Others might become the main focus of the campaign.
Secrets As Game Preparation
Beyond useful aids to tie players to the story, secrets serve us well in preparing our game. They tell us what's important too. Just like using handouts for game organization we can use these secrets to help us understand the structure and threads of our game. These secrets may be just as useful to us as they are to the PCs who discover them. Good secrets serve double-duty as both organizational aids and useful information to pass to the players and keep things interesting.
Secrets Aren't Drivers, They're Fuel
We don't use secrets to steer the direction of the PCs. We use secrets to give them interesting information that helps them come up with their own directions. Sometimes we might guess what path the players will pick after learning an interesting secret, but the most interesting secrets are the ones that lead to more than one clear direction. Some secrets simplify things, but many secrets complicate things. As we may learn from D&D veteran Teos Abadia it's complexity that builds all the tasty nooks and crannies in our adventures.
If you find yourself adding in secrets to simplify your game and streamline it down to a single clear path, you might be oversimplifying things. Some groups are perfectly fine with this, but others may want to stretch a bit and explore a network of tangled secrets.
The Missing Chapter of the Lazy Dungeon Master
Secrets are powerful magic. A solid list of secrets helps GMs understand the scope and boundaries of their game while, at the same time, they build a rich texture for PCs to discover. When we think about the tools we need for the three pillars of exploration, interaction, and combat; a list of ten secrets is as vaulable to exploration as monster stat blocks are to combat. Next time you're thinking about how to organize your adventure, sit down and jot down ten secrets and see if it works for you.